Harvest EasyGum® - EasyGum ™ Bonding to Titanium

EasyGum™ Bonding to Titanium 

(by Dr. Ceci Marciano, Dr. Zaza Gomurashvili and Jörg Erxleben) 

Despite Titanium being a metal, with metallic appearance and properties, the Intra-Oral behavior is very similar to Zirconium, due to being elements of the same group. In contact with Oxygen, metallic Titanium forms immediately a passivation layer on the surface. This formed oxide layer shows a nearly identical behavior as that of Zirconia. And so, the bonding of EasyGum™ to Titanium follows the same rational as to Zirconia. 

The following is a selection of articles describing the medium-to-long-term stability of Resin Composite to Titanium surface before and post-thermocycling: 

Yanagida et al. (2002) found that after thermocycling, two groups either primed with the Cesead II Opaque Primer material or treated with the Siloc system exhibited significantly greater bond strength (20·0 and 19·0 MPa) than the other groups (0·2–12·6 MPa,         P < 0·05).  These two systems are useful for improving bonding between titanium and the composite material tested. 

Ozel et al. (2021) reported the effect of thermocycling and bonding agents on the bond strength between Titanium and various resin cements and found that the groups sandblasted, and bonding agent added provided higher share bond strength values than non-sandblasted groups for all the resin cement types. 

Serichetaphongse et al. (2022) concluded after thermocycling that the titanium alloy showed higher shear bond strength than zirconia when the Clearfil ceramic primer plus was used. The primer solution containing MDP and adhesive resin cement with phosphoric methacrylate ester showed similar shear bond strength with 3Y-TZP and 5Y-PSZ. The resin cement without phosphate monomers demonstrated the least shear bond strength.  

Fernandez-Villar et al. (2020) described that mechanical and thermal cycling significantly influenced the critical load to failure of the three materials tested. All crowns showed adequate resistance to normal masticatory forces in the premolar area.  

Koizumi et al. (2012) concluded after thermocycling that the two primers containing MDP phosphate monomer were effective for treating Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy and Ti. Al and Nb showed bonding behavior similar to Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy and Ti when the two metals were treated with acidic primers and bonded with the TBB-initiated acrylic resin. 

Yanagida et al. (2017) published that the bond strengths for all combinations significantly decreased after thermocycling. The combination of Super-bond C&B adhesive led to significantly higher bond strength than the other preparations after thermocycling.  

There are 3 critical components outlined in this paper for EasyGum™  use as a long-term definitive restoration on Titanium: 

1. SANDBLASTING the surface before use of EasyGum  Bond 

2. USE of EASYGUM BOND for 17.5MPa bond strength which is 3.5x the ISO requirements for bonding.  

3. POLISHING of the EasyGum™ surface for plaque & bacteria resistance.  

References: 

H. Yanagida, H. Matsumura, Y. Taira, M. Atsuta, S. Shimoe; Adhesive bonding of composite material to cast titanium with varying surface preparations; Journal of Oral Rehabilitation; Volume29, Issue2, February 2002, Pages 121-126 

Ozel, Gulsum Sayin, et al. "Effect of Thermocycle and Bonding Agents on the Bond Strength of Titanium-resin Cements." Bezmialem Scienc , vol. 9, no. 3, July 2021, pp. 344+. 

Pravej Serichetaphongse, Sirawit Chitsutheesiri, Wareeratn Chengprapakorn. Comparison of the shear bond strength of composite resins with zirconia and titanium using different resin cements. J Prosthodont Res. 2022; 66(1): 109–116 

Sandra Fernandez-Villar, Jordi Cano-Batalla, Josep Cabratosa-Termes, Oriol Canto-Naves. Fracture Resistance of Two Different Composite Resin CAD/CAM Crowns Bonded to Titanium Abutments . Int J Prosthodont 2020;33:648–655. 

Koizumi, Hiroyasu; Naito, Koji; Ishii, Takaya; Yamashita, Miyuki; Yoneyama, Takayuki; Matsumura, Hideo. Adhesive Bonding of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy and Component Metals with Acidic Primers and a Tri-n-butylborane Initiated Resin. Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 2012, Vol 14, Issue 3, p283 

Hiroaki YANAGIDA , Yoshito MINESAKI , Kousuke MATSUMURA , Naomi TANOUE , Koichi MURAGUCHI and Hiroyuki MINAMI. Bonding durability between acrylic resin adhesives and titanium with surface preparations. Dental Materials Journal 2017;